Science Department Standards

 

 

1.      The student will be able to understand that science is a dynamic process based on inquiry, formulating questions, planning and conducting simple investigations, and collecting and organizing data to communicate results.

 

2.      The student will be able to distinguish the relationship among structure and competition between organisms, as well as describing matter as living and non-living.

 

3.      The student will be able to understand that matter interacts with its environment.

 

4.      The student will be able to explain and justify changes on the earth’s surface caused by interactions of energy, force, and movement.

 

5.      The student will be able to understand, explain, and analyze the relationship between, science, technology, economy, and society to make responsible decisions.


Standard #1

 

          The student will be able to understand that science is a dynamic process based on inquiry, formulating questions, planning and conducting simple investigations, and collecting and organizing data to communicate results.

 

Benchmarks

 

            Level              Pre - Kindergarten

 

1.      Learns to use the senses to make observations.

 

2.      Uses senses to make observations.

 

3.      Makes questions.

 

            Level I            Kindergarten - Second Grade

 

1.      Makes and records observations.

 

2.      Makes questions from observations.

 

3.      Makes predictions from observations.

 

4.      Reaches conclusions from testing predictions.

 

            Level II           Third - Fifth Grade

 

1.      Makes observations and asks questions about objects, organisms and events in the areas of earth, physical, space, and life sciences.

 

2.      Uses senses to make observations about objects.

 

3.      Plans and conducts a simple investigation by developing scientific methodology skills in the areas of earth, physical, space, and life sciences.

 

4.      Recognizes and employs various scientific equipment and tools.

 

5.      Collects, computes, and interprets data from simple investigations in the areas of earth, physical, space, and life sciences.

 

6.      Works collaboratively to share, communicate, and analyze information.

 

            Level III          Sixth - Eighth Grade

 

1.      Describes qualitative and quantitative observations and formulates questions about objects, organisms, and events in the areas of earth, physical, space, and life sciences.

 

2.      Plans and conducts a simple investigation by developing scientific methodology skills in the area of earth, physical, space, and life sciences.

 

3.      Recognizes and employs various scientific equipment and tools.

 

4.      Collects, computes, and interprets data from simple investigations in the areas of earth, physical, space, and life sciences.

 

5.      Works collaboratively to share, communicate, and analyze information.

 

            Level IV         Ninth - Twelfth Grade

 

1.      Identifies and understands indirect methods of gathering data.

 

2.      Recognizes the function and importance of measurement.

 

3.      Selects, identifies, and properly uses scientific equipment.

 

4.      Selects and uses appropriate safety equipment.

 

5.      Recognizes hazards and appropriate safety symbols.

 

6.      Observes standard safety procedures when doing laboratory work.

 

7.      Exhibits responsible and appropriate conduct when doing laboratory work.

 

8.      Selects and evaluates scientific information through written, technological, and expert sources.

 

9.      Communicates and summarizes scientific information and results through formal and informal laboratory reports using technical writing.

10.  Selects and uses scientific vocabulary, mathematics, and technology to communicate information via oral, written, and visual means.

 

11.  Formulates and revises personal theories and models using logic and evidence.

 

 

Standard #2

 

            The student will be able to distinguish the relationship among structure and competition between organisms, as well as describing matter as living and non-living.

 

Benchmarks

 

            Level              Pre - Kindergarten

 

1.   Knows that living things and non-living things are different.

 

2.   Knows that living things go through a process of change.

 

            Level I            Kindergarten - Second Grade

 

1.   Lists and describes functions of plant parts.

 

2.   Knows and uses the appropriate vocabulary to describe plant structure.

 

3.   Distinguishes the characteristics between living and non-living.

 

4.   States the needs of living things and their importance.

 

5.   Establishes a relationship between the components of a system and the function of each of its parts.

 

6.   Constructs a model of the solar system.

 

            Level II           Third - Fifth Grade

 

1.   Distinguishes different systems and their components in physical, space, earth, and the life sciences.

 

2.   Establishes a relationship between the earth and its features.

3.   Identifies biological systems and the characteristics of living organisms and their environments.

 

            Level III          Sixth - Eighth Grade

 

1.   Distinguishes the properties and changes of matter.

 

2.   Measures motion and forces.

 

3.   Describes the different types of energy transfer.

 

4.   Analyzes the structure and function in living systems.

 

5.   Explains reproduction and heredity.

 

6.   Describes processes involved in metabolism and the behavior of living things.

 

7.   Recognizes the relationships between populations and ecosystems.

 

8.   Explains the structure of the Earth and Solar system.

 

            Level IV         Ninth - Twelfth Grade

 

1.   Analyzes and describes the relationship between motion and force.

 

2.   Discriminates interactions within systems using the Laws of Conservation of Energy and Momentum.

 

3.   Predicts and explains the interactions between waves and matter.

 

4.   Interprets the fundamental forces of nature using the characteristics of gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces.

 

5.   Measures and determines the relationship between distance, time, velocity, and acceleration.

 

6.   Describes the structure and properties of matter.

 

7.   Investigates and uses appropriate technology to demonstrate that all cells have common features as well as differences that determine function and that they are composed of common building blocks (e.g. carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids).

 

8.   Evaluates the characteristics of living and non-living things.

 

9.   Describes and explains the complex processes involved in energy use in cell maintenance, growth, repair, and development.

 

10. Models the structure of DNA, protein synthesis and how it contributes to the diversity of life.

 

11. Analyzes and describes the phenomenon that governs the inheritance of traits.

 

12. Predicts and models the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors, which limit populations (e.g. natural selection), and contribute to the change of a species over time (e.g. evolution).

 

13. Evaluates the characteristics of organisms as part of different classification schemes.

 

14. Infers and discusses the degrees of species divergence using local ecosystems.

 

15. Describes the structure of atoms by exploring atomic structure, writing electron configuration and electron dot structures.

 

16. Uses the periodic table to relate, identify, and predict physical and chemical properties of elements.

 

17. Describes the structure and properties of matter by the types of bonding.

 

18. Understands that biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter result from the ability of atoms to bond.

 

19. Understands and solves problems related to the properties of gases.

 

20. Discriminates observable properties of acids, bases and salts, solutions; and determines their pH and pOH.

 

21. Writes and name chemical formulas.

 

22. Describes chemical reactions by writing balanced equations and identifying the type of chemical reaction.

 

23. Understands that conservation of atoms in chemical reactions leads to the principle of conservation of matter and the ability to calculate the mass of products and reactants.

 

24. Performs and solves mass-mass and gas stoichiometry problems and calculations.

 

 

Standard #3

 

            The student will be able to understand that matter interacts with its environment.

 

Benchmarks

 

            Level              Pre - Kindergarten

 

1.   Uses vocabulary to describe observable properties (e.g. color, shape, size) of objects.

 

2.   Groups and categorizes objects based on observable characteristics.

 

3.   Knows that the physical properties of things can change.

 

4.   Identifies that different objects are made up of many types of materials.

 

            Level I            Kindergarten - Second Grade

 

1.   Discriminates that different objects are made up of many types of materials (e.g. cloth, paper, etc.).

 

2.   Demonstrates what factors can change the properties of matter (e.g. heating, freezing, cutting, dissolving, bending).

 

3.   Differentiates objects based on observable properties (e.g. color, size, shape, weight).

 

            Level II           Third - Fifth Grade

 

1.   Discriminates that different objects are made up of many types of materials (e.g. cloth, paper, etc.).

 

2.   Examines position, motion, and interactions of objects.

 

3.   Recognizes different kinds of forces and their interaction with matter.

 

4.   Knows how to quantify the effects of different types of forces on matter.

 

5.   Classifies matter according to its physical and chemical properties.

 

            Level III          Sixth - Eighth Grade

 

1.   Describes and investigates characteristic properties, such as boiling points, melting points, solubility, and simple chemical changes of pure substances and uses those properties to distinguish and separate one substance from another.

 

2.   Demonstrates that a mixture of substances often can be separated into original substances using one or more of the characteristic properties.

 

3.   Describes that substances react chemically in characteristic ways with other substances to form new substances (e.g. compounds) with different properties.

 

4.   Understands that elements combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds, which account for the living and non-living substances that we encounter.

 

            Level IV         Ninth - Twelfth Grade

 

1.   Describes the motion of atoms and molecules to explain the properties of solids, liquids, gases, and solutions.

 

1.      Describes the factors that affect the dissolving process as a result of random molecular motion.

 

2.      Measures and describes temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of molecules or atoms.

 

3.      Performs and solves molarity and molality problems, and problems dealing with colligative properties.

 

4.      Describes how energy is exchanged or transformed in all chemical reactions and physical changes of matter.

5.      Interprets the relationship among frequency and wavelength, and use it to calculate wave velocity.

 

6.      Compare electromagnetic waves by frequency and wavelength.

 

7.      Illustrates the chemical processes involved in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

 

 

Standard #4

 

            The student will be able to explain and justify changes on the earth’s surface caused by interactions of energy, force, and movement.

 

Benchmarks

 

            Level              Pre - Kindergarten

 

1.      Describes the effect of forces in nature (e.g. wind, gravity).

 

2.      Identifies different ways in which objects can be moved in space; explains push, pull and sink.

 

            Level I            Kindergarten - Second Grade

 

1.      Recognizes vocabulary that describes the properties of Earth materials.

 

2.      Explains objects in the sky.

 

3.      Explains changes in the earth and sky.

 

            Level II           Third - Fifth Grade

 

1.      Examines the structure of the earth system.

 

2.      Infers the position of the Earth in the solar system.

 

3.      Analyzes evidence of fossils of plants and animals that lived long ago.

 

4.      Utilizes vocabulary of rock and mineral combinations.

 

5.      Analyzes the composition and properties of soil.

 

            Level III          Sixth - Eighth Grade

 

1.      Translates qualitative and quantitative descriptions of moving objects and begins to describe the forces acting on the objects.

 

2.      Distinguishes experiences in which friction is a phenomenon and becomes familiar with the idea that energy is an important property of substances and that most change involves energy transfer.

 

3.      Determines the motion of an object and describes its position, direction of motion, and speed.

 

4.      Represents the measurement of motion via graph.

 

            Level IV         Ninth - Twelfth Grade

 

1.      Explains the effect of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) on the ozone and evaluates possible alternatives to CFCs.

 

2.      Describes the need for and methods of energy conservation.

 

3.      Classifies the effects of nature’s forces on the Earth’s surface as well as physical or chemical changes.

 

4.      Describes and relates the changes to the Earth’s surface due to chemical reactions that take years for their effects to be noticeable.

 

5.      Evaluates the use of nuclear fission and fusion to produce energy for human use.

 

6.      Evaluates the impact of human interactions on the environment.

 

7.      Evaluates the common and distinct features of the Earth that determine different biological communities (e.g. biomes).

 

8.      Describes the movement of materials in each ecosystem (e.g. cycles).

 

 


Standard #5

 

            The student will be able to understand, explain, and analyze the relationship between, science, technology, economy, and society to make responsible decisions.

 

Benchmarks

 

            Level              Pre - Kindergarten

 

1.      Uses tools such as e-mail and the telephone that help humans do work and solve problems.

 

2.      Recognizes that some things are natural and others are human made.

 

3.      Recognizes different materials such as glass and plastic; as well as their uses.

 

            Level I            Kindergarten - Second Grade

 

1.      Possesses the ability to distinguish between natural objects and objects made by humans.

 

2.      Explains how science and technology help us understand the world we live in.

 

3.      Describes how science and technology benefit human activities.

 

4.      Relates professions involved in science and technology.

 

            Level II           Third - Fifth Grade

 

1.      Evaluates the positive and negative aspects technology has on science.

 

2.      Analyzes the application of technology in science.

 

            Level III          Sixth - Eighth Grade

 

1.      Explains the interdisciplinary connections of science to social, economic, and political issues to include examples of Puerto Rico.

 

2.      Describes the development of scientific thought and principles contributed by diverse cultures and significant individuals.

3.      Explains how scientific knowledge changes due to an evolution of acquired knowledge.

 

4.      Gives examples of scientific discoveries and describes the interrelationship between technological advances and scientific understanding.

 

5.      Analyzes and illustrates the historical impact of scientific and technological advances.

 

            Level IV         Ninth - Twelfth Grade

 

1.      Explains the interdisciplinary connections of science to social, economic, and political issues to include examples of Puerto Rico.

 

2.      Describes the development of scientific thought and principles contributed by diverse cultures and significant individuals.

 

3.      Explains how scientific knowledge changes due to an evolution of acquired knowledge.

 

4.      Gives examples of scientific discoveries and describes the interrelationship between technological advances and scientific understanding.

 

5.      Analyzes and illustrates the historical impact of scientific and technological advances.